Observatoire des droits humains (anglais seulement)

9/11 twenty years on: al-Qaida is defeated – but jihadism is here to stay

(Version anglaise seulement)

par Christina Hellmich, Associate Professor in International Relations and Middle East Studies, University of Reading

Twenty years ago, the terrorist group al-Qaida carried out the deadliest attack on US soil the world had ever seen. Overnight, al-Qaida founder Osama bin Laden became the most notorious terrorist to date.

Inspired by pan-Islamist ambitions and outraged by US foreign presence and intervention in the Middle East, this was the highlight of al-Qaida’s campaign to shatter the notion of US hegemony and invincibility. Their ultimate aim was to bring back the umma, the community of all Muslims once united by a political authority.

Al-Qaida first appeared on the terrorism…

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