Sudan’s death toll in 2025 could be as high as 100,000: how we did the count

By Paola Vesco, Senior Researcher, Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)
Amber Deniz, Senior Analyst, Uppsala University
David Randahl, Associate Senior Lecturer in War Studies, Swedish Defence University
Johan Brosché, Associate Professor, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University
Magnus Öberg, Director of the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Uppsala University

Estimates of the number of people directly killed in Sudan’s civil war vary widely, in part because counting casualties in active conflict zones is extremely difficult. In 2025, for instance, one conflict monitoring organisation reported around 19,000 direct deaths from political violence across Sudan. Other research teams put the toll at more than 70,000.

Conflict researcher Paola…

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