From drought to floods in North Africa: What could the super El Niño do next?

By Hossein Bonakdari, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering, L’Université d’Ottawa/University of Ottawa

Morocco spent most of the last decade drying out. Between 2019 and 2024, the country recorded six consecutive years of below-average rainfall, the longest on record. The 2023-24 hydrological year was the driest in more than six decades, with a national total of just 106.4 mm.

But this was not simply another dry spell. The problem went far beyond rainfall. The squeeze was structural as much as meteorological: per-capita renewable water availability has fallen to about…

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