Exploring the roots of stupidity: first understand the psychology of what lies behind irrational opinions

By Manfred Kets de Vries, Distinguished Clinical Professor of Leadership Development and Organisational Change, INSEAD

Most people, at one time or another, act foolishly. However, truly ignorant individuals exhibit a lack of introspection and stubbornly cling to their opinions, regardless of how irrational they may be. These people demonstrate unwavering self-assurance and are often oblivious to their own inadequacies. They craft retrospective justifications to validate their beliefs and hold onto them.

Even when presented with opportunities for personal growth and change, they seem incapable of breaking free from their entrenched habits. Reasoning with stubborn individuals can be as perplexing as it…

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