Winter Olympians often compete in freezing temperatures – physiology and advances in materials science help keep them warm

By Cara Ocobock, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame
Gabriel R. Burks, Assistant Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame

The Winter Olympics and Paralympics are upon us once again. This year the games come to Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy, where weather forecasts are predicting temperatures in the upper 30s to mid-40s Fahrenheit (1 to 10 degrees Celsius).

These temperatures are a good deal warmer than one might expect for winter, particularly in a mountainous area. They’re warm enough that athletes will need to adjust how they…

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