Nobel medicine prize: how a hidden army in your body keeps you alive – and could help treat cancer

By Justin Stebbing, Professor of Biomedical Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University

The 2025 Nobel prize in physiology or medicine celebrates a discovery that answers one of medicine’s most profound questions: how does the immune system know when to attack, and when to stand down?

Most of the time, our defences target dangerous infections and even cancers while leaving the body’s own tissues unharmed. But when that balance fails, the consequences can be devastating – from autoimmune diseases, where the immune system turns on healthy organs, to cancers, where it becomes too restrained to recognise and destroy tumour cells.

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~	1 gene, 1 disease no more – acknowledging the full complexity of genetics could improve and personalize medicine

~	Lecornu, Bayrou, Barnier: how the resignation of three French prime ministers signals a profound crisis in democracy

~	I research Tourette’s – I Swear is an unflinching yet empathetic portrait of life with this condition

~	As long as the cybercriminals’ business model works, companies are vulnerable to attack

~	Caught in Nepal’s protests, I witnessed how sport can bring people hope during times of crisis

~	October 7 two years on: Israelis and Palestinians caught between two conflicting ideas of peace

~	Bob Vylan Glastonbury complaints upheld: here’s what viewers complain to Ofcom and the BBC about most

~	Labour wants to restrict repeat protests – but that’s what makes campaigns successful

~	Reform and Green party members the most ideologically removed from the average voter

~	The mental toll of menopause – what women really feel