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Twelver Shiism – a branch of Islam that serves both as a spiritual and political force in Iran and beyond

By Massumeh H. Toosi, PhD Student in Philanthropic Studies, Indiana University

Twelver Shiism is the largest branch within Shiism – one of the two major sects within Islam. Shiism is the second-largest tradition within Islam overall, following the Sunni tradition.

Iran is the only country to have Twelver Shiism as its official religion. In this tradition, religious leaders known as the marājiʿ al-taqlīd – the highest-ranking…

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