Universal vaccines could reshape how we fight future outbreaks – but a broad approach is needed

By Antony Black, Lecturer, Life Sciences, University of Westminster

Every year, the race begins anew. Scientists scramble to track mutating viruses, pharmaceutical companies reformulate vaccines and public health systems brace for another season of jabs and logistics.

This relentless cycle is our frontline defence against threats like flu and COVID – but it comes at a steep price. Globally, billions are poured into strain and variant surveillance, vaccine development and distribution, leaving already-stretched health systems — particularly in lower-income countries – struggling to keep pace.

That’s why scientists have long aimed to develop…

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