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Earth’s early evolution: fresh insights from rocks formed 3.5 billion years ago

By Jaganmoy Jodder, Post-doctoral researcher, University of the Witwatersrand

Our Earth is around 4.5 billion years old. Way back in its earliest years, vast oceans dominated. There were frequent volcanic eruptions and, because there was no free oxygen in the atmosphere, there was no ozone layer. It was a dynamic and evolving planet.

Scientists know all of this – but, of course, there are still gaps in our knowledge. For instance, while we know what kind of rocks…

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