Why are shallow earthquakes more destructive? The disaster in Java is a devastating example

By Phil R. Cummins, Professor, Australian National University
Mudrik Rahmawan Daryono, Senior research scientist, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)
Stacey Servito Martin, PhD Candidate, Earth Sciences, Australian National University

On November 21 2022 an earthquake near the Indonesian city of Cianjur in West Java caused at least 268 deaths and damaged 22,000 buildings.

At magnitude 5.6, this earthquake was much smaller than many other earthquakes that have caused death and destruction in Indonesia over the past few decades.

Why is this one so different? One of the main reasons the Cianjur earthquake was so destructive was its shallow…

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