Apartheid ‘town planning’ created Orlando 90 years ago. It became a hotbed of black resistance

By Noor Nieftagodien, Head of the History Workshop, University of the Witwatersrand

Orlando East, a working class community on the periphery of Johannesburg in South Africa, has turned 90 years old. Orlando was one of the first municipal locations – called townships under apartheid – established in 1932 for Africans under the 1923 Native Urban Areas Act. It was renamed Orlando East when Orlando West was established in the 1940s.

Several new townships were created, especially in the 1950s,…

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