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From Z to Q: when letters become political symbols

By Philip Seargeant, Senior Lecturer in Applied Linguistics, The Open University

Painted on the side of tanks and emblazoned on the shirt of Russian gymnast Ivan Kuliak, the letter Z has come to represent support for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. It has even been incorporated into the spelling of place names such as КуZбасс in south central Russia.

In some countries, the Czech Republic for instance, there are even discussions about whether displaying the letter should be a

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