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Director / Editor: Victor Teboul, Ph.D.
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Private Lenders Emerge as N. Korea’s New Middle Class

In North Korea's centrally planned economy, a rising class of wealthy individuals — known as “Donju” — is emerging as a new middle class in the communist country. Donju, meaning “masters of money,” are often used as symbols of market forces in the North that began to emerge after the collapse of state’s food distribution system in the 1990s. Donju thrived on the North’s unofficial economy by expanding their profit-making enterprises from running small businesses to lending money at...


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